Why focus on root cause analysis?
The purpose of root cause analysis is to uncover why something went wrong—not just what went wrong. It is about identifying and understanding the underlying cause of a problem, rather than simply treating the symptoms.
If you work in quality management, you will know that root cause analysis is a core element of continuous improvement—forming part of frameworks such as ISO 9001 and the PDCA cycle (Plan–Do–Check–Act). But root cause analysis has broader applications too, from optimising processes and mitigating risks to fostering learning across the organisation.
Methods you can use
You do not need to invent a new approach every time.
Some of the most commonly used tools include:
- 5 Whys
A simple technique where you ask “why?” repeatedly—often five times—to get to the underlying cause. - Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram)
Provides a visual overview of potential causes, organised into categories such as People, Methods, Machines, and Materials. - Pareto Analysis
Helps prioritise efforts by focusing on the few causes responsible for the majority of problems (the 80/20 principle). - Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
A structured, systematic approach particularly suited to complex technical or organisational scenarios.
Choose the method that best fits the situation—and remember, insight often emerges through dialogue and reflection.
Tips for conducting the analysis
A successful root cause analysis requires a systematic and open-minded approach.
Consider the following:
- Involve the right people
Those who know the work in practice often have valuable insights and perspectives. - Keep an open mind
Look broadly; the cause may lie elsewhere in the process than initially expected. - Think preventively as well as corrective
A good solution does not just fix the immediate problem—it prevents it happening again. - Be critical with data
Base your analysis on facts, but be aware of potential biases. Supplement with observations and interviews where needed. - Select your method carefully
A rigid method can do more harm than good. Allow flexibility and adapt your analysis tool to the context.
From analysis to action
A root cause analysis is of little value unless it leads to concrete improvements.
Make sure you:
- Document both findings and decisions to ensure traceability and organisational learning.
- Develop action plans with clear responsibilities, deadlines, and follow-up.
- Evaluate the outcome—does the solution work? Has it created lasting improvements?
Linking your analysis to your other quality and management processes ensures it becomes an integrated part of your improvement efforts.
How D4 can help
To make structured root cause analysis easier, D4’s platform, D4InfoNet, can support your process.
The platform allows you to:
- Document procedures and methods.
- Build visual workflows that guide users through the analysis.
- Collect and analyse data through forms.
- Track progress using key metrics and action plans.
Everything is connected and can be customised to your needs. Whether you prefer 5 Whys, fishbone diagrams, or another approach, D4InfoNet provides a platform to work systematically with learning and continuous improvement.
